Visa rules differ widely between African countries, and they also depend on the traveller’s passport. Some nationalities enter visa-free, some can get a visa on arrival or an electronic visa, and some must apply at an embassy before departure. The archived site pointed visitors to a third-party online visa service for this purpose; this page summarises the general approach.
You learn quickly whether a visa is needed, avoid long consulate queues, and some services give status updates until the passport comes back.
Apply well ahead, since processing can take days or weeks. Check passport validity, blank pages and health requirements such as yellow fever certificates, and keep copies of every document.
For a broader view of trip preparation, see the notes on travel insurance or return to the home page.